Glycolic Acid

Alpha Hydroxy Acid

Also known as: Hydroxyacetic acid, AHA

Description

Glycolic acid is the smallest alpha hydroxy acid with the greatest bioavailability due to its low molecular weight. It is widely used for chemical peels and daily exfoliation in dermatology. [Bernstein 2001] [Ditre 1996]

Mechanism of Action

Reduces calcium ion concentration in the epidermis, disrupting desmosomal attachments between corneocytes and promoting exfoliation. At higher concentrations, stimulates glycosaminoglycan and collagen synthesis in the dermis. [Ditre 1996]

Indications

Available Concentrations

5%8%10%30%70%

Side Effects

Contraindications

  • Active herpes simplex (for peels) [Ditre]
  • Recent facial surgery
  • Concurrent retinoid use (relative)

Pregnancy Category

Not classified

Found In

Cosmetics containing Glycolic Acid

AHAGlow Advanced Face Wash GelTorrent Pharmaceuticals (Menarini)Bioderma Sébium Global Intensive Purifying CareBiodermaThe Derma Co AHA BHA 10% Face PeelThe Derma CoThe Derma Co Pore Minimizing Face SerumThe Derma CoDot & Key 10% Glycolic Acid Glow SerumDot & KeyDr. Sheth's Gulab & 6% Glycolic Acid & 5% Niacinamide Brightening SerumDr. Sheth'sFixderma Nigrifix Cream (for Hyperpigmentation)FixdermaGlyco-A Peel (Glycolic Acid 35%/50%/70%)Micro LabsLakme Lumi Smooth Serum with 8% AHA-BHA-PHA+ ComplexLakmeL'Oreal Paris Glycolic Bright 8% Face SerumL'Oreal ParisMamaearth Vitamin C TonerMamaearthPilgrim 25% AHA + 2% BHA + 5% PHA Peeling SolutionPilgrimPilgrim 10% Vitamin C Face SerumPilgrimPlum Green Tea Pore Cleansing Face WashPlumTCA Peel (Trichloroacetic Acid 15–35%)Generic / Compounding Pharmacy

Related Conditions

Acne Vulgaris AHA — chemical exfoliation and pore refinement Melasma Superficial peeling agent — enhances penetration of depigmenting agents Photoaging AHA — exfoliation and collagen stimulation Keratosis Pilaris AHA — exfoliates and smooths rough texture

References

  1. Bernstein EF, Lee J, Brown DB, et al. "Glycolic acid treatment increases type I collagen mRNA and hyaluronic acid content of human skin." Dermatol Surg, 2001. doi:10.1046/j.1524-4725.2001.00042.x
  2. Ditre CM, Griffin TD, Murphy GF, et al. "Effects of alpha-hydroxy acids on photoaged skin: a pilot clinical, histologic, and ultrastructural study." J Am Acad Dermatol, 1996. doi:10.1016/S0190-9622(96)90602-6

Limitations

This page provides a general overview of Glycolic Acid in dermatology. It does not cover every possible use, formulation, or interaction. Individual responses to compounds vary — what works for one person may not work for another. Always consult a qualified dermatologist before starting or changing any treatment.